Asociación de fuerza prensil y extensores de rodilla con estado nutricional de adultos mayores pertenecientes a la comunidad / Association of grip strength and knee extensors with nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults

Antecedentes y objetivo: Determinar la asociación de fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla con el estado nutricional de adultos mayores de la comunidad. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. Se analizó peso y talla de 847 adultos mayores según índice de masa corporal y se clasificaron en cuatro categorías nutricionales según el Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Se evaluó la fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla para ambas extremidades. La fuerza fue normalizada por masa corporal y se utilizó la correlación de Spearman entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular. Resultados: La muestra fue de 582 mujeres y 265 hombres con edad promedio de 71,72±7,09. Las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal de 30,03±5,48 y los hombres 27,64±4,05, la categoría más numerosa fue normopeso (n = 288) y la menor bajo peso (n = 74). La fuerza prensil de mano presentó mayor correlación que extensores de rodilla, específicamente, fuerza prensil de mano derecha (r: -0,40). La mayor correlación y significancia la presentó la categoría obesa para todas las mediciones de fuerza, resultando la fuerza prensil de mano derecha como la más alta (r: -0,29). Conclusiones: El aumento del estado nutricional de los adultos mayores influye negativamente sobre la fuerza muscular. La mejor asociación entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular fue la prensión de mano derecha. Resalta el hallazgo del aumento de la esperanza de vida a medida que disminuye el IMC de la muestra. Futuros estudios deberían generar percentiles y valores normalizados en población chilena.(AU)

Aim: To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. Results: The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: −0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: −0.29). Conclusions: The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.(AU)

[Association of grip strength and knee extensors with nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults]. / Asociación de fuerza prensil y extensores de rodilla con estado nutricional de adultos mayores pertenecientes a la comunidad.

AIM: To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. RESULTS: The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: -0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: -0.29). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.

Comparación de la capacidad de salto en deportistas juveniles / Comparação da capacidade de salto em atletas juvenis / Comparison about the Jump capacity in junior athletes

RESUMEN Dentro de la dinámica del entrenamiento deportivo la evaluación de salto es una herramienta útil para determinar y comparar el rendimiento del atleta. El objetivo del estudio es comparar la capacidad de salto entre dos grupos de deportistas juveniles, que ingresan a la universidad en diferente año. El estudio es de tipo comparativo, se seleccionaron 120 sujetos por conveniencia, los cuales fueron distribuidos en dos grupos, de acuerdo con el año en el que ingresan a la universidad (2015 y 2020). Se midió capacidad de salto con los protocolos de sentadilla de 90°, contra movimiento y libre. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia (p=0,07) en la modalidad de contra movimiento, donde el grupo del año 2020 poseía un mejor rendimiento. En conclusión, el salto en contra movimiento se proyecta como la variable de comparación para poblaciones de similares características.

RESUMO Dentro da dinâmica do treinamento esportivo, a avaliação do salto é uma ferramenta útil para determinar e comparar o desempenho do atleta. O objetivo do estudo é comparar a capacidade de salto entre dois grupos de jovens atletas, que iniciam a universidade em anos diferentes. O estudo é de tipo comparativo, 120 sujeitos foram selecionados por conveniência, os quais se distribuíram em dois grupos, de acordo com o ano em que ingressaram na universidade (2015 e 2020). A capacidade de salto foi medida com os protocolos de 90° de agachamento, contra-movimento e agachamento livre. Os resultados mostraram uma tendência (p=0,07) na modalidade de contra-movimento, onde o grupo de 2020 teve um melhor desempenho. Em conclusão, o salto de contra-movimento é projetado como a variável de comparação para populações com características semelhantes.

ABSTRACT Within the dynamics of sports training the jumping evaluation is a useful tool to determine and compare the athlete's performance. The objective of the study is to compare the jumping ability between two groups of juvenile athletes, entering university in different years. The study is of a comparative type, 120 subjects were selected by convenience, which was distributed in two groups, according to the year in which they enter the university (2015 and 2020). Jumping capacity was measured with the 90° squat, countermovement and free squat protocols. The results showed a trend (p=0.07) in the countermovement modality, where the 2020 year group possessed better performance. In conclusion, the countermovement jump is projected as the comparison variable for populations with similar characteristics.

Association between Cardiac Autonomic Control and Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects postural and cardiac autonomic control. However, since it is unknown whether these changes are associated, the objective of this study was to determine whether such a relationship exists. Twenty-three patients with PD participated. The RR intervals were recorded in different positions and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed. Postural sway was analyzed based on the center of pressure. No significant differences on HRV indices were induced by postural change. A correlation was found between these indices and postural control, high frequency (HF), and anterior-posterior (AP) root mean square (RMS-AP) (r = 0.422, p = 0.045), low frequency (LF)/HF, and AP mean velocity (r = 0.478, p = 0.021). A correlation was found between HRV induced by postural change and postural control, Δ LF/HF and RMS-AP (r = 0.448, p = 0.032), Δ LF/HF and ellipse area (r = 0.505, p = 0.014), Δ LF/HF and AP mean velocity (r = -0.531; p = 0.009), and Δ LF and AP mean velocity (r = -0.424, p = 0.044). There is an association between the autonomic and postural systems, such that PD patients with blunted cardiac autonomic function in both the supine and orthostatic positions have worse postural control.